The city also hosts much of Pakistan's tourist industry, with major attractions including the Walled City, the famous Badshahi and Wazir Khan mosques, as well as several Sikh and Sufi shrines. Lahore is a major centre of Qawwali music. For many years, Lahore was home to Pakistan's film industry, Lollywood, though in recent years most filming has shifted to Karachi. The city is also a major centre of education in Pakistan, with some of Pakistan's leading universities based in the city. It is a UNESCO City of Literature and major center for Pakistan's publishing industry Lahore remains the foremost center of Pakistan's literary scene. Lahore exerts a strong cultural influence over Pakistan. Following the success of the Pakistan Movement and subsequent partition of British India in 1947, Lahore was declared the capital of Pakistan's Punjab province. It experienced some of the worst rioting during the Partition period preceding Pakistan's independence. Lahore was central to the independence movements of both India and Pakistan, with the city being the site of both the declaration of Indian Independence, and the resolution calling for the establishment of Pakistan. Lahore was then annexed to the British Empire, and made capital of British Punjab. Lahore eventually became the capital of the Sikh Empire in the early 19th century and regained some of its lost grandeur.

The city was captured by the forces of the Afsharid ruler Nader Shah in 1739, then fell into a period of decay while being contested between the Afghans and the Sikhs. Lahore reached the height of its splendour under the Mughal Empire between the late 16th and early 18th century and served as its capital city for many years. The city has been controlled by numerous empires throughout the course of its history, including the Hindu Shahis, Ghaznavids, Ghurids, and Delhi Sultanate by the medieval era. It is the largest city and historic cultural centre of the greater Punjab region, and is one of Pakistan's most socially liberal, progressive, and cosmopolitan cities.

Lahore is one of Pakistan's wealthiest cities with an estimated GDP ( PPP) of $84 billion as of 2019. Lahore ( / l ə ˈ h ɔːr/ Punjabi: لہور Urdu: لاہور ( listen)) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab, is Pakistan's 2nd largest city after Karachi, and is the 26th largest city in the world.

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